Current technology for monitoring social media will track frequencies of matching documents for simple, unorganized, keyword lists containing names of groups, individuals, practices, brands, and places. This has left a gap between what society thinks is understood from monitoring and what is actually understood in the complex systems that make up societies....

Due to the increase in the amount of digital data, effective data classification plays an increasingly important role in real world applications. For instance, a retrieval application would use a trained classification model to retrieve relevant results with respect to a query. To ensure reliable performance, the classifier must be trained using labeled...