Background Cities are continuing to experience rising temperatures due to a combination of local and global drivers. In summer, this warming results in increased heat-related morbidity and mortality, increased energy consumption and cost, and increased water use. The impacts of extreme heat are particularly severe in cities throughout hot desert regions...

Background Buildings are planned and constructed with the aim to provide livable interior conditions for its inhabitants regardless of the conditions in the ambient environment. Achieving this often requires large amounts of energy when it involves contradicting the climate of the exterior environment surrounding the structure. There has been work...