Background The chemical composition of aerosol particles provides key insights into the study of the behavior of planetary atmospheres. Measuring aerosol composition typically involves separating the aerosols from the carrier atmospheric gases, which can be challenging. Current methods for aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) are well-established in the...

Background Image fusion is an image processing technique that has grown in prevalence in recent years. Image fusion can be used for many different applications including medical imaging, aerospace, remote sensing, military surveillance, and manufacturing flaw identification. Quantum image fusion is a more recent development that uses quantum computing...

Background Positive unlabeled (PU) learning is a semi-supervised machine learning approach to a binary classification problem in which most of the data is unlabeled. PU learning algorithms reduce the computational cost of training machine learning classifiers, because the labeling of data is time-intensive for supervised machine learning algorithms....

Background Piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs) are technical drawings used to operate and maintain process systems. P&IDs are typically used to identify components and quantities needed for ongoing projects, and to understand the layout and operation of the process system with completed projects. The information provided from P&IDs...

Background Private transportation is currently the most common form of transportation in the United States. Cars are an essential commodity, with each household in America typically having at least one car. However, finding an open parking space can be a daunting task, especially with the surge in the number of city vehicles. Navigating through a...

Background A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is a reprogrammable integrated circuit (IC) that can be configured for many different uses. FPGAs are essentially chips that can configured to perform specific tasks after they are manufactured. A multi-tenant FPGA is one that is designed to be shared by multiple, potentially independent, users or “tenants”....

Background As the range of materials that are compatible with additive manufacturing dimensional (3D) printing has expanded, the technology has gained increasing relevance in the applicability and adoption in fields such as catalysis and adsorption. Traditional monolithic contactors have the advantages of good mass transfer and lower pressure drops....

Background Generative pre-trained transformers (GPT) have grown in recent years in a number of natural language processing applications, largely due to the powerful openly available software and easy-to-use natural language interfaces. Transformers can provide a flexible and powerful model that generalizes the earlier forms of neural networks by using...

Background Mastering a language involves not only learning new alphabets and expanding vocabulary, but also mastering sentence construction, pronunciation, and effectively engaging in listening, speaking, reading, and writing activities. Each aspect presents unique challenges for learners, especially non-native speakers. Traditional methods of language...

Background As more large-scale solar arrays (utility-scale) are connected to the energy grid, predicting solar irradiance (e.g., the amount of sunlight hitting the panels) becomes crucial for accurately forecasting the power of these photovoltaic (PV) arrays. This is because solar power generation is highly dependent on sunlight, which is variable...