Background The creation of effective energy conversion technologies has become essential in response to the challenges of integrating diurnally and seasonally intermittent and variable renewable energy resources. Specifically, one of the most important steps toward the economical production of sustainable fuels and organic chemicals is the conversion...

There are a number of circumstances where electricity is needed, but wired power delivery is not available, convenient, or technologically feasible. Remote industrial, scientific, and military endeavors often journey beyond established infrastructure, making wired power delivery more complicated, expensive, and dangerous. Also, emergency situations...

­Thermochemical reactors provide an effective means for water splitting and carbon dioxide splitting. These reactors are able to produce energized chemicals (e.g., hydrogen and carbon monoxide), which can subsequently be used in other chemical reactions (e.g., to reduce, add functionality, etc.) or from which other chemicals can be made (e.g.,...

The common approach for transportation of hydrogen - the least dense of all gasses - is to substantially densify it so it can economically suit existing transportation modes. Densification is achieved by compression (up to 700 bar), by liquefaction (cooling below -253 °C), or by chemical conversion. Conventional hydrogen transportation methods often...