Even though green technologies such as wind and solar are currently dropping in cost, energy storage innovations are still needed to make sustainable energy solutions competitive within the consumer market. Providing a lightweight, high-energy-density power source, rechargeable lithium ion batteries are great for portable electronics. But they quickly...

Background Grid energy storage, at its essence, allows electrical energy to be stored when production exceeds consumption and released when consumption exceeds production. Grid energy storage improves the robustness and resilience of conventional electrical grids and can supplement intermittent energy sources such as solar, wind, or tidal. In particular,...