Emerging mobile device applications, like those supporting augmented reality, require high data rates, but the rapidly growing number of devices connecting to the internet complicates the network and increases backhaul infrastructure cost. Small cells (devices that connect to a network via DSL or cable) offer better reception and reduced transmit power...

Backhaul access networks bridge telecommunications devices to core networks that provide internet, but have bottlenecking concerns due to insufficient bandwidth (rate of data transfer). Though networks that provide connectivity (i.e. Radio Access Networks, RANs) and core networks are able to handle large streaming capacities, backhaul networks require...