Recombinant protein subunit vaccines offer an improved safety profile compared to live attenuated or inactivated vaccines, making them a promising vaccine strategy. These vaccines can further enhance immunogenicity through fusion with IgG-based protein scaffolds, such as immune complex (RIC) platforms. RIC consists of an antibody and antigen complex...

Plants are a promising platform for rapid production of biologics as they offer many advantages over traditional systems, including safety, speed, versatility and cost. Geminiviruses are a group of small plant viruses that have been studied and used extensively in such plant-based production systems. Because geminiviruses replicate in nuclei, their...

Plants are a promising platform for rapid production of biologics as they offer many advantages over traditional systems, including safety, speed, versatility and cost. And the demonstration of plant-made pharmaceuticals that have been glycoengineered to have authentic human N-glycans further underscores their promising potential. However, high accumulation...

Necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by type A strains of the bacterium Clostridium perfringens, results in a global economic loss of over 2 billion dollars, annually, to the poultry industry. C. perfringens causes chronic sub-clinical intestinal mucosal damage, leading to a reduction in the ability of birds to benefit from nutrients in food and reduced...