Recombinant protein subunit vaccines offer an improved safety profile compared to live attenuated or inactivated vaccines, making them a promising vaccine strategy. These vaccines can further enhance immunogenicity through fusion with IgG-based protein scaffolds, such as immune complex (RIC) platforms. RIC consists of an antibody and antigen complex...

Plants are a promising platform for rapid production of biologics as they offer many advantages over traditional systems, including safety, speed, versatility and cost. Geminiviruses are a group of small plant viruses that have been studied and used extensively in such plant-based production systems. Because geminiviruses replicate in nuclei, their...

More than 170 million people worldwide are chronic carriers of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), but there is no therapeutic vaccine currently available for treating this infection. Persistent HCV infection results in chronic active hepatitis which may lead to progressive liver disease. Current treatment strategies are expensive, have substantial side effects,...

Plants are a promising platform for rapid production of biologics as they offer many advantages over traditional systems, including safety, speed, versatility and cost. And the demonstration of plant-made pharmaceuticals that have been glycoengineered to have authentic human N-glycans further underscores their promising potential. However, high accumulation...

Necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by type A strains of the bacterium Clostridium perfringens, results in a global economic loss of over 2 billion dollars, annually, to the poultry industry. C. perfringens causes chronic sub-clinical intestinal mucosal damage, leading to a reduction in the ability of birds to benefit from nutrients in food and reduced...