Plants, algae and certain bacteria utilize photosynthesis to convert sunlight, water, and CO2 into oxygen and energy, which is the material basis for most biological activities on earth. However, their photosynthetic efficiency is low compared to theoretical values. Therefore, boosting this photosynthetic efficiency even a little above normal can translate...

Cell lysis is an important step for extracting intracellular biomolecules, including nucleic acids and proteins. While there are a plethora of reagents and mechanical techniques to enhance cell disruption and increase extraction yield, these techniques are not universally effective. Certain cells, such as bacterial cells, are notoriously difficult to...

Limited fossil fuel resources and a global climate crisis have led to greater exploration into replacing conventional fuel sources with renewable energy. This in turn has resulted in a push for production of more sustainable and inexpensive biofuels. Agricultural waste, such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, is a promising renewable feedstock...