Nitric species such as nitric oxides are important environmental pollutants as well as key breath biomarkers of respiratory diseases. A chemical sensor that can quickly, selectively and sensitively detect these analytes will find applications not only in environmental monitoring, but also as a non-invasive medical diagnosis and management device. Current...

-collapse: collapse; } Solid-state nanopores are attractive because of their low cost and broad potential utility from single-molecule bioanalytical sensing to diagnostics and sequencing of DNA and protein molecules. Unfortunately, conventional use of conductive silicon substrates results in high capacitive noise, significantly limiting sensing accuracy...

Background Quality in manufacturing ensures the adherence of built products to the specifications set by the designer and their proper functioning when put into operation. An important factor influencing products’ quality is the contamination of process (or build) parameters used during the manufacturing process. The choice of these build conditions...

Background The civil aviation industry is losing air traffic control talents during a time when the need for maintaining daily operations is surging. This situation leads to increased operational costs, higher safety concerns, an elevated workload for air traffic controllers, and frequent flight delays. It is reported that 20% of the civil flights...

Background Text classification models have become increasingly prevalent in cybersecurity applications, but remain susceptible to adversarial examples (e.g., carefully crafted sentences with human-unrecognizable changes to the inputs, that are misclassified). Adversarial attacks provide profound insights into the classifiers’ vulnerabilities,...

Background Under-actuated compliant systems have grown in prevalence in recent years in the soft robotics area. The coupled stiffness and damping characteristics of system structure and materials of these systems enable robotic systems for tasks including locomotion and gripping. Legged robots in particular exhibit superior maneuverability in intricate...

Background Mid to long-wave infrared detectors capture and interpret infrared radiation emitted by objects, and convert it into additional data. These detectors have wide ranging applications including gas sensing, thermal imaging, environmental monitoring, and defense applications. Typically, these detectors use micro- or nano-scale microwave-frequency...

Background The increasing frequency and severity of wildfires creates difficulty for power engineers to decide on the best course of action for ensuring reliable and resilient system operation. To enable informed decision-making in the presence of active wildfire risks, knowledge of the local environmental conditions surrounding the electric power...

Background Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has been envisioned to benefit various emerging applications in the future, with enhanced spectral, energy, and hardware efficiency. One potential scenario is the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) for inventory management in warehouses or retail stores, where low-cost passive RFID tags...

Background Adversarial purification is a defense mechanism for safe-guarding classifiers against adversarial attacks without knowing the type of attacks or training of the classifier. These techniques analyze and eliminate adversarial perturbations from the attacked inputs, and help to restore purified samples that retain similarity to the attacked...