Background Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a wide group of organic compounds that have been extensively used in several applications due to their unique properties, including thermal stability, chemical stability, surfactant applications, and hydrophobicity. However, PFAS have been found to have detrimental effects on environment and...

Background Ammonia (NH3) is a valuable compound for industrial, agricultural, and water treatment applications. The typical method for large-scale production of ammonia is the Haber-Bosch (HB) process, which uses hydrogen and nitrogen as reagents under high pressure and temperature. However, this process generates over 450 million tons of CO2 annually,...

Background Electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation could enhance the sustainability of global ammonia production. However, overcoming the high energy barrier to break the triple bond of dinitrogen (N2) has proved to be a challenge. Electrochemical reduction of nitrate (ERN) is an alternative solution, but ERN currently relies on platinum group metals (PGMs)...

Background Reducing nitrate from water streams is an untapped source of nitrogen that could be used for decentralized ammonia production at ambient conditions for agricultural use with a significantly lower cost. Decentralized production of ammonia in rural areas can minimize environmental impacts of the Haber-Bosch process (including produced ammonia...