Background Understanding the mechanical properties of biologically relevant soft materials is increasingly important for developing a comprehensive knowledge of the underlying injury mechanism and emerging biomedical applications such as tissue regeneration, and shockwave lithotripsy. Soft materials, which are composed of a variety of substances such...

Background Effective metal forming in the manufacture of commercial products requires that material properties after forming must be maintained or improved, and the metal forming steps must be cost-effective. Achieving both of these conditions is challenging because there is a trade-off between material performance and processing cost. Many current...