Background Cement plays a vital role in the stabilization and enhancement of civil infrastructure performance, including foundations, pavement layers, bridges, pipelines, and dams. Its curing process, driven by water through cement hydration, is essential for developing concrete's strength and durability. However, in cold climates, the inherent...

Background According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), volatile organic compounds (VOC) are compounds that have a high vapor pressure and low water solubility. Many VOCs are human-made chemicals that are used and produced in the manufacture of paints, pharmaceuticals, and refrigerants. These VOCs break down and harm the atmosphere,...

Background Moisture damage in bituminous composites used in roads, roofs, and other asphalt applications can reduce the service life of these infrastructures. Antistripping agents are chemical additives added to asphalt mixture in order to improve the durability of asphalt by reducing its susceptibility to moisture. The use of hydrated lime (solid...