­Background Electrolytic reduction of metal carbonates in molten salts at elevated temperatures have attracted attention over the past decade as a new way of producing various materials such as carbon materials and metal oxides. These carbon materials can be in various forms including carbon nanotubes, nanofibers, aggregates, amorphous carbon,...

Background Over the past decade, metal sulfates and their hydrates have garnered attention due to their immense potential and various applications, with the demand for these compounds with surface oleophilicity or hydrophobicity surging across various industries. The emergence of nanomaterials based on alkali metal sulfates and hydrates has opened...

Background Moisture damage in bituminous composites used in roads, roofs, and other asphalt applications can reduce the service life of these infrastructures. Antistripping agents are chemical additives added to asphalt mixture in order to improve the durability of asphalt by reducing its susceptibility to moisture. The use of hydrated lime (solid...

Background Paraffin wax has been used as a warm-mix additive for asphalt to improve the workability of bitumen and to extend the construction season. The addition of paraffin wax to asphalt reduces energy consumption and carbon footprint by reducing the mixing and compaction temperatures of asphalt. These lower temperatures during the mixing and compaction...

The demand for electric automobiles is driving research to find new rechargeable battery options. Current lithium ion batteries are very heavy and require large amounts of space. Additionally, these batteries have the potential to overheat during charging and cause fires. Lithium ion batteries are used because they can be recharged, but the charging...

Background Nanoparticles are currently in use across a vast array of consumer products. They find application in scratch resistant coatings, active ingredients in sunscreens, stain repellant fabrics, nanoparticle-strengthened steels, and also broadly to the production, processing, safety and packaging of food. Nanotechnology is conducted at the nanoscale,...