Invention Description The demand for advanced thin-film deposition techniques has grown substantially in recent years, driven by the development of next-generation electronic, optoelectronic, and energy devices. Traditional deposition methods, such as chemical vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, and physical vapor deposition, have well-established...

Controlling products like carbon dioxide from combustion systems can help chemical manufacturers adjust to the recent limit on carbon emissions by the Environmental Protection Agency. Existing control techniques use carbon dioxide as feed to generate reusable chemicals thus reducing emissions. However, manufacturers use expensive modified combustion...