Background Gait impairments affect millions worldwide, including individuals with neurological disorders, injuries, and age-related conditions. These challenges not only limit mobility and independence but can also lead to complications like muscular atrophy and cardiovascular issues. Traditional assistive technologies like braces, walkers, and wheelchairs...

A growing number of people experience hand weakness due to stroke or spinal cord injuries. Electrical stimulation (e-stim) devices are commonly used to assist in hand weakness therapy. However, they are bulky, expensive, uncomfortable (may be ill-fitting, cause skin irritation or unpleasant sensation), and non-portable, eliminating the potential for...