Unknown-unknowns are operational scenarios in AI enabled autonomous systems, such as human-in-the-loop (HIL) human-in-the-plant (HIP) systems, which are not accounted for and may represent a major challenge in the design and validation phase. In these scenarios, the operational behavior of the systems is not guaranteed to meet requirements such as safety...

Present day autonomous systems are cyber-physical systems (CPS) that involve multi-dimensional interaction between the cyber machine and the operational environment. One of the key aspects of these autonomous systems is that interaction patterns change over the lifetime of usage. Changes in CPS interaction patterns can be unintentional or intentional...