Background Private transportation is currently the most common form of transportation in the United States. Cars are an essential commodity, with each household in America typically having at least one car. However, finding an open parking space can be a daunting task, especially with the surge in the number of city vehicles. Navigating through a...

Background A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is a reprogrammable integrated circuit (IC) that can be configured for many different uses. FPGAs are essentially chips that can configured to perform specific tasks after they are manufactured. A multi-tenant FPGA is one that is designed to be shared by multiple, potentially independent, users or “tenants”....

Air quality monitoring is critical for environmental health and public safety. Traditional monitoring methods rely on passive and active air sampling techniques, which, while effective, are cumbersome, expensive and limited with respect to real-time data and comprehensive analyses. In high-risk environments, such as hospital or care settings, and food...

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) image generation has opened up endless possibilities for creativity, allowing architects, designers, and artists to produce visual models rapidly. However, this technology is responsible for creating deepfakes, which are highly realistic but fake images and videos. Deepfakes can be used to spread misinformation,...

Background Drones have provided significant improvements for industries including surveillance, research, and agriculture with their highly advanced aerial abilities. They provide enhanced safety and security measures and allow critical tasks to be completed remotely. Drones enable goods to be transported rapidly to remote areas with little infrastructure...

Background In recent years, advancements in machine learning have revolutionized various domains, but concerns about bias and unfairness in automated decision-making systems have gained significant attention. One of the causes of unfairness in AI systems is the reliance on training data. Aleatoric uncertainty refers to the inherent randomness or variability...

When searching for missing persons, especially during emergency situations, such as catastrophic weather and infrastructure or geologic events, aerial reconnaissance can be an invaluable tool, particularly if the area is large and/or unstable. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with thermal imaging capabilities can help detect heat signatures from victims,...

Networks like those of healthcare infrastructure have been a primary target of cyberattacks for over a decade. From just a single cyberattack, a healthcare facility would expect to see millions of dollars in losses from legal fines, business interruption, and malpractice lawsuits. As more medical devices become interconnected, more cyber vulnerabilities...

Cyber risk has emerged as a significant threat to businesses that have increasingly relied on new and existing information technologies. Across various businesses in different industries and sectors, a distinct pattern of IT network architectures, such as the client-server network architecture, may expose those businesses, which share it, to similar...

Background One of the main problems that exists with protecting wildlife reserves and sanctuaries is effectively policing illegal poaching of animals. Current systems designed for this purpose are very expensive and use digital signal processing to try to match possible gunshot signals to existing masks. Due to the use of predetermined templates or...