Background Conventional pulse-width modulation (PWM) control techniques such as voltage-mode DC-DC converters are susceptible to single event effects (SEE) of radiation in harsh environments due to their inherent analog nature. Digital controllers, on the other hand, are more immune to SEEs than their voltage-mode analog counterparts. Current-mode...

Background Three-level converters are used in various power management applications such as DC-DC converters, average power tracking (APT), and envelope tracking modulators to efficiently regulate output voltage to a voltage different from the supply voltage. Advantages of three-level converters include low output current ripple, smaller off-chip inductor,...

Buck converters are essential to modern electronics as they can maintain an output voltage at a desired range. Two of the main methods to accomplish this are hysteretic control and pulse width modulation (PWM). Hysteretic controllers continually monitor the output voltage and adjust it if it is too high or too low, but have bad frequency control. On...