Transmission of airborne diseases often occurs through aerosols and microdroplets containing viable pathogens. Because of the small size of aerosols/microdroplets they can remain airborne for extended periods of time, sometimes days. Contaminated aerosols/microdroplets are generated by sneezing, coughing, breathing, speaking and sweating. Although personal...

According to the World Health Organization, iron deficiency is one of the world’s top nutritional disorders and a leading cause of anemia. Hemochromatosis, another blood disorder associated with iron, but an excess of iron, has an incidence of 1 in 200 people of northern European origin and can lead to irreversible organ damage. While iron deficiency...

Nitric species such as nitric oxides are important environmental pollutants as well as key breath biomarkers of respiratory diseases. A chemical sensor that can quickly, selectively and sensitively detect these analytes will find applications not only in environmental monitoring, but also as a non-invasive medical diagnosis and management device. Current...

Electrochemical sensors are widely used in numerous chemical and medical applications to detect concentrations of analytes. Electrical sensors are also widely used to determine analyte concentrations detecting molecular binding-induced conductance or impedance changes in electrical materials. Although both sensing techniques have proven extremely useful,...

Electrochemical sensors that can quickly, selectively, and sensitively detect unknown chemicals in air or water are vital for many applications. These include environmental monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, security applications, and food and drinking water safety. Current electrochemical sensors fail to detect low concentrations of important analytes...