Background Microelectronic circuits that obtain their energy from ambient energy sources (AES) through scavenging or harvesting are increasing in popularity, particularly with the burgeoning field of the Internet of Things (IoT). Some of the more common AES include solar, piezoelectric, vibration, airflow, and thermoelectric. The intermittent nature...

All digital circuits use sequences of logic gates that implement Boolean functions to store and transmit binary information. Threshold logic gates receive multiple input signals and produce a single output if the number of signals is below a hardwired threshold value, and can therefore process any Boolean function that might otherwise require multiple...