Background Arsenic is classified as a Class-A human carcinogen, and occurs widely in ground and surface waters across the globe. Long-term exposure to arsenic-contaminated water has been linked to skin, kidney, liver, and bladder cancers. In addition to arsenic, other metals (e.g., chromium, vanadium, tungsten, selenium, manganese, lead) commonly co-occur...

Oxo-anions, such as hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), arsenic (As) and selenium (Se), in potable water have been under much scrutiny recently from the media, policy makers, and environmental regulators. However, little is known about the hourly or daily variations in concentration of these dangerous carcinogens. Current evaluation practices involve infrequent...

With the ever-expanding need for renewable energy sources growing, much time and energy is allocated to finding new and innovative technologies. Current membrane reactors focus on a specific class of photocatalyst or are limited to air purification only. This approach does not take into consideration a broader range of the electromagnetic spectrum,...

Electrospinning is a fiber production method that uses electricity to draw charged threads of polymer solutions into fiber diameters. This technique is used in a variety of water purification applications. Current water purification applications use a post-treatment on the electrospun fibers in order to create pores that catch impurities. If the post-treatment...

Many countries are experiencing an increase in nitrate and fluoride contamination to their water supply due to the increase in fertilizer runoff, and aging infrastructure. Filter media is anything within a filter that changes that quality of water flowing through it. There and many types of media to choose from depending on the circumstances of one’s...

Background In smaller rural communities, producing potable water often does not involve the highly centralized treatment and distribution infrastructure seen in larger cities. Instead, smaller point-of-use or point-of-entry water treatment solutions provide more cost-effective approaches. With ever-tightening water quality regulations, more focused...

Ion exchange is widely used within industry and public infrastructure to remove metallic, organic, or inorganic particles from water. Ion exchange filters contain activated carbon or spongy polymer beads, called resin, which have been tailored to remove a specific group of contaminants with similar chemistry. Hybrid ion exchange resins are capable of...