Background Electrochemical sensing is a compact process used to detect chemicals in aqueous solutions (e.g., water, bodily fluids, foods). It can also be used to treat pollutants in drinking and industrial wastewaters. Electrochemical oxidation can generate hydroxyl radicals, which are effective in degrading organic contaminants in water, including...

Background Water harvesting from ambient air to produce fresh water is an active area of research. Water moisture in the air is universally available, and the water extracted is essentially pure water. This makes this process ideal, particularly for communities with limited freshwater supplies. Atmospheric Water Generation (AWG) technology can produce...

Background Arsenic is classified as a Class-A human carcinogen, and occurs widely in ground and surface waters across the globe. Long-term exposure to arsenic-contaminated water has been linked to skin, kidney, liver, and bladder cancers. In addition to arsenic, other metals (e.g., chromium, vanadium, tungsten, selenium, manganese, lead) commonly co-occur...

­Bacteria, viruses, and other harmful microorganisms pose a significant pathogenic health-related risk to safe drinking water. Disinfection by chlorination is commonly practiced, however, chlorine is a toxic chemical that typically requires careful storage and proper handling. While ultraviolet (UV) disinfection can be effective, UV-based processes...

Background Non-concentrated solar thermal energy systems have struggled to be extensively deployed, especially in hot climate areas where they are mainly used for space heating and domestic hot water. Since cooling demand increases with solar radiation, integration of both systems may be ideal. Unlike thermally driven absorption heat pump systems, adsorption...

Background Nanobubbles are an emerging water treatment technology that can find application in bodies of water, groundwater, treatment plants, pipelines, medical facilities, industrial cooling towers, and many others. Their generation can be achieved through several methods including, ejector, venturi, cavitation, and mixing. With sizes ranging from...

Background In recent years, photoresponsive polymers have been considered for many applications from drug delivery to environmental sensors. Photons of light actuate the structure of these folded polymers, providing a means to control their opening and closing. Although various other types of stimuli can be used to activate polymers—including...

With the ever-expanding need for renewable energy sources growing, much time and energy is allocated to finding new and innovative technologies. Current membrane reactors focus on a specific class of photocatalyst or are limited to air purification only. This approach does not take into consideration a broader range of the electromagnetic spectrum,...

Electrospinning is a fiber production method that uses electricity to draw charged threads of polymer solutions into fiber diameters. This technique is used in a variety of water purification applications. Current water purification applications use a post-treatment on the electrospun fibers in order to create pores that catch impurities. If the post-treatment...

Many countries are experiencing an increase in nitrate and fluoride contamination to their water supply due to the increase in fertilizer runoff, and aging infrastructure. Filter media is anything within a filter that changes that quality of water flowing through it. There and many types of media to choose from depending on the circumstances of one’s...