Piezoelectric materials can convert mechanical energy to electricity or vice versa and have enabled diverse applications such as energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. A wide variety of inorganic ceramics and organic polymers have been considered as piezoelectric materials. However, neither the piezoelectric ceramics nor the piezoelectric polymers...

­Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, is a manufacturing technique that builds layer-by-layer materials. 3D printing has advantages over traditional manufacturing with respect to rapid prototyping, complicated design, and material sustainability. Commonly used 3D printing mechanisms include vat-polymerization, material jetting,...