When transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals, there is a need to match the frequencies and the phases of both a received signal and a locally generated signal. In terms of signal to noise ratio (SNR), the alignment of the phases gives the best results for retrieving any data that is modulated on the received signal. Better SNR yields higher...

Continuous long-term observation of coral reefs is essential for gathering crucial data that helps determine the state of environmental health. Coral reefs support 25% of all marine species which makes it necessary that they be monitored for good health. Traditional methods of coral reef monitoring, such as diver-based surveys and airborne observatories,...

Drones are garnering considerable interest for their capacity in autonomously transporting objects across diverse sectors. Their potential is poised to revolutionize the logistics realm by offering swifter, more cost-effective and efficient transportation solutions. This includes facilitating expedited delivery services for packages, transporting essential...

Background Touchless interaction systems have grown in prevalence in recent years, including gesture-based interaction systems. Gesture recognition forms an integral part of human-computer interaction (HCI) technologies that deal with recognizing various movements of the human body, and interpreting them as commands to interact with a machine. Hand...

In the domain of accelerometer sensitivity measurement, the current standard relies heavily on the utilization of expensive industrial shakers. These shaker devices generate vibrations in a sinusoidal pattern, which, while effective, pose significant limitations. The oscillating motion they produce, moving between high and low points, introduces challenges...

Piezoelectric materials can convert mechanical energy to electricity or vice versa and have enabled diverse applications such as energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. A wide variety of inorganic ceramics and organic polymers have been considered as piezoelectric materials. However, neither the piezoelectric ceramics nor the piezoelectric polymers...

­Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a distributed network consisting of multi-functional sensors, which can communicate with neighboring sensors over wireless channels. Estimating statistics of sensor measurements in WSNs is necessary for detecting anomalous sensors, supporting nodes with insufficient resources, determining network area estimation,...

­Tubular structures are commonly used in boilers and heat exchangers. Working under extreme conditions such as high temperatures, large stress loads, hot and high-velocity steam and pressure leads to corrosion, cracks, and stress-corrosion cracks in either the body or welded connections of these components. Regular inspection of these components...

Glucose and oxygen are important components of human metabolic processes -- many diseases are associated with glucose transport and metabolic disorders including diabetes and cancer. Monitoring glucose and cell metabolism can provide invaluable information for understanding these diseases. There are many assays and sensors for both glucose and oxygen,...

The market for point of care test strips demands high quality tests and low production costs without sacrificing sensitivity and specificity. Highly-ordered nanomaterials are being investigated as a viable approach for meeting these demands. Highly-ordered nanomaterials are ideal as they are inexpensive to manufacture and have been shown to produce...