Background Magnetic flux channel (MFC) antennas made of thousands of windings of high magnetic conductivity materials have recently been demonstrated as efficient as conventional antennas, but in a much smaller form factor (D. Auckland, C. Daniel and R. Diaz, “A New Type of Conformal Antenna Using Magnetic Flux Channels”, presented at the...

Conventional metal-and-dielectric antennas apply metallic conductors to transmit high frequency signals for effective communication between devices. However, these antennas cannot be placed conformal to a conducting surface without suffering disadvantages from the disruption of current. Solving this problem requires the construction of a different...

In the most recent decades, material characterization has evolved into the microscopic scanning field. Modern sensors are capable of applying electromagnetic radiation to obtain characterization data on set materials. However, current technologies require rotating sensors or sample adjustments. This causes problems in measurements because it risks distorting...

Traditionally, ferrite rod antennas have been fed with a solenoid of many turns. This configuration, especially at high frequencies, causes a phase delay as signal moves away from the feed center. Phase delay manifests in destructive interference, as signals which are out of phase with one another make contact. Destructive interference results in inefficiency...

Electrical loops are normally constructed as either dipoles or metal loop antennae. Magnetic loop antennae act as magnetic dipoles and dissipate less heat into the surrounding media, making them somewhat better suited for applications where the electrical loops are surrounded by conductive materials. Unfortunately, loop antennae are less efficient than...

There is a pervasive need in both the defense industry and private industry for a conformal, low-profile, efficient, broadband antenna. Conventional antennas project from the surface of airplanes, automobiles, and other equipment, which causes drag and vulnerability to damage. Conformal antennas conform to the surface of an object. Conformal antennas...

Although numerous antenna applications demand broad bandwidths, many antenna configurations simply cannot achieve the bandwidths these applications require. For example, both communication and radar systems operate over broad bands of frequency (greater than 2:1 and typically 10:1), yet the electrically or physically limited (compact) antennas...

Anomalies on semiconductor substrates, such as process contaminants, post-polishing substrate fragments, or voids, must be accurately located and identified in order to obtain the cleanliness required by the next generation of integrated microcircuits. While technological advances have reduced the critical anomaly size to less than 80 nm, existing conventional...

Nanotechnology is the study of the control of matter at the atomic and molecular level, and is focused mainly on the creation of materials and equipment to work within that scale. One thing holding back the advancement of this technology is the lack of experimental tools capable of visualizing nanoprocesses in real time across their full range of operation....