Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women and is the most common cancer among women worldwide. There are four main breast cancer subtypes, luminal A, luminal B, HER2-positive and triple-negative. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly invasive and has higher rates of metastasis and a worse prognosis. Metastasis of cancer cells...

Many early stage cancers have a high rate of survival if promptly diagnosed and treated. Survival rates for stage 1-3 breast cancer can be as high as 95% at the 5 year mark. Unfortunately, late stage cancers have a much lower survival rate; stage 4 breast cancer only has about a 20% survival rate at the 5 year mark. Metastatic cancers pose a particularly...

Many early stage cancers have a high rate of survival if promptly diagnosed and treated. Survival rates for stage 1-3 breast cancer can be as high as 95% at the 5 year mark. Unfortunately, late stage cancers have a much lower survival rate; stage 4 breast cancer only has about a 20% survival rate at the 5 year mark. Metastatic cancers pose a particularly...

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that is one of the leading causes of illness and death in the subtropical and tropical areas of the world. The incidence of dengue is growing rapidly, threatening more than 2.5 billion people in more than 100 countries. Symptoms of dengue virus infection can be severe with fatality rates as high as 10% in the...

RNA plays a central role in almost all living organisms and as such detecting its presence or overexpression can be useful in a wide range of clinical diagnostics and other analyses. Traditional methods for detecting RNA include amplification schemes to increase the detection signal. Recent efforts have utilized real-time RT-PCR methods to detect RNA,...

Glycoproteins play an important role in numerous cellular and biological processes such as intercellular communication and trafficking, immune functions, cell-cell recognition, hormones, reproduction, embryonic development and more. They are also closely associated with a number of diseases like cancer and immunodeficiency diseases. In nature, the formation...

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that is one of the leading causes of illness and death in the subtropical and tropical areas of the world. The incidence of dengue is growing rapidly, threatening more than 2.5 billion people in more than 100 countries. Symptoms of dengue virus infection can be severe with fatality rates as high as 10% in the...

Nitric oxide (NO), a signaling molecule, is involved in many physiological and pathological processes and as such plays an important role in tumor biology. It is involved in vascular permeability and angiogenesis as well as controlling the growth, migration and invasion of cancer cells. Thus, interfering with NO signaling could be a promising strategy...

Early stage detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) combined with the usage of antiretrovirals is a vital component in the effort to prevent further HIV transmission and reduce the number of new infections. HIV infections are commonly diagnosed by detecting the appearance of specific antibodies in blood. However, in the early stages of the disease,...