Background High impedance faults (HIFs) normally exist in power distribution systems with voltages ranging from 4 kilovolts (kV) to 34.5 kV. Upon the occurrence of a HIF, its immediate vicinity is imposed with potential danger, which is hazardous to public safety. For such reasons, researchers and engineers have been exploring novel ways to detect...

Background High impedance fault (HIF) normally occur in distribution power systems with voltages ranging from 4 kV to 34.5 kV, and are caused by downed or disturbed conductors. An HIF may present a hazard to public safety in the immediate vicinity. Unfortunately, HIFs cannot always be recorded in the fault report to relay engineers and are thus susceptible...