Invention Description The demand for advanced thin-film deposition techniques has grown substantially in recent years, driven by the development of next-generation electronic, optoelectronic, and energy devices. Traditional deposition methods, such as chemical vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, and physical vapor deposition, have well-established...

Background Recommendations of user-to-user relationships (“friends”) and items (e.g., products, services) have become integral to the social media experience. When implemented effectively, both the user and the platform gain value. Unlike established sites however, newly launched social media sites lack the historical data typically necessary...