Compartmentalization increases the overall activity and specificity of encapsulated enzymes by protecting the enzymes, maintaining a high concentration of enzymes and substrates, and promoting substrate channeling. While there have been artificial enzymatic particles that have been created using compartmentalization by virus-like proteins, liposomes,...

­Background Although chlorine remains one of the most widely used water disinfectants throughout the world, the toxicity of the chemical itself and of its by-products poses significant health risks. Non-chemical disinfectants such as ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has been an attractive alternative and is gaining acceptance in both large-scale and...