The use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in research, diagnostics and therapeutics is ubiquitous, particularly because of their ability to simultaneously achieve high affinity and specificity. mAbs binding typically involves interactions between it and 5-8 amino acids in a specific spatial arrangement. These interactions at defined positions is what...

Compartmentalization increases the overall activity and specificity of encapsulated enzymes by protecting the enzymes, maintaining a high concentration of enzymes and substrates, and promoting substrate channeling. While there have been artificial enzymatic particles that have been created using compartmentalization by virus-like proteins, liposomes,...

The development of new drugs and diagnostic assays requires the ability to identify and prepare high-affinity, high-specificity ligands. Monoclonal antibodies are useful reagents in this regard, but are difficult to humanize and express in large amounts. Monoclonal antibodies are also intrinsically limited by the immunological repertoire of the immunized...

Array technologies allow scientists to perform large-scale, quantitative, biological analyses such as biomarker discovery, immunomonitoring, epitope mapping and so on. In situ synthesized arrays have advantages in feature density, and sensitivity, however, quality and reliability rely on the quality and consistency of the synthesized molecules. A critical...

There are many methods to analyze molecular libraries (e.g. peptide libraries, nucleic acid libraries, libraries of polymeric or multipart structures) in terms of their functional properties. Often, these methods relate the covalent structure of the molecules in libraries to their function based on consensus sequence analysis. However, many biological...

There are many methods to analyze molecular libraries (e.g. peptide libraries, nucleic acid libraries, libraries of polymeric or multipart structures) in terms of their functional properties. Often, these methods relate the covalent structure of the molecules in libraries to their function based on consensus sequence analysis. However, many biological...

Accurate detection and diagnosis of infectious diseases is paramount to appropriate treatment and better outcomes. Despite tremendous efforts to advance new diagnostic techniques, there are still critical gaps in the healthcare system in quickly diagnosing and responding to infectious diseases. Current diagnostic technologies identify pathogens by detecting...