Background Positive unlabeled (PU) learning is a semi-supervised machine learning approach to a binary classification problem in which most of the data is unlabeled. PU learning algorithms reduce the computational cost of training machine learning classifiers, because the labeling of data is time-intensive for supervised machine learning algorithms....

Background As the range of materials that are compatible with additive manufacturing dimensional (3D) printing has expanded, the technology has gained increasing relevance in the applicability and adoption in fields such as catalysis and adsorption. Traditional monolithic contactors have the advantages of good mass transfer and lower pressure drops....

Background As more large-scale solar arrays (utility-scale) are connected to the energy grid, predicting solar irradiance (e.g., the amount of sunlight hitting the panels) becomes crucial for accurately forecasting the power of these photovoltaic (PV) arrays. This is because solar power generation is highly dependent on sunlight, which is variable...

Inverters are devices typically used in solar power generation systems to convert electric current to a more useful type, but are prone to failure and are the main cause of malfunction in solar power systems. Using transformer-less (TL) inverters is a desirable alternative because of their higher efficiency, lower size, and lower cost. However, TL inverters...

Background Electrodeposition is a process that uses an electric current to deposit a layer of metal onto a conductive surface, essentially creating a coating on the material. Electrodeposition helps to protect against corrosion, enhance properties like conductivity, and achieve decorative finished in batteries (in addition to other porous substrates)....

Background Solar energy is one of the most abundant and affordable energies in the world. However, converting solar energy into electricity significantly relies on the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell’s technology. Due to the current limitations of the various materials and physics in the solar cell’s technology, it is a great...

Background Polycrystalline Cd(Se)Te thin-film solar cells are made of a combination of cadmium (Cd), selenium (Se), and tellurium (Te) elements and exhibit efficient light absorption properties and a tunable bandgap depending on the ratio between the elements. Cd(Se)Te thin-film solar cells currently make up 5% of the global photovoltaic market, and...

Background For many years, the goal of efficient electricity generation at small scales with hydrocarbon fuels has been impractical due to heat loss and other challenges. Current approaches to electricity generation at small scales involve the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels to drive generators, which can be useful for remote or off-grid applications,...

Background With growing environmentally friendly energy consumption and increasing efficiency needs, there is an increasing need for distributed versatile energy management systems. For cutting-edge applications such as electric-vehicle power train, space station power supplies, microgrids, or wherever multiple energy resources and/or loads are connected...

Background Battery-to-Grid (B2G) integration is a pivotal step towards a cleaner, more resilient, and efficient energy system. B2G offers numerous benefits, including grid stability, cost reduction, and support for renewable energy sources. In current grid-integrated energy storage systems, multiple cells are connected in series to create a battery...