The ability to monitor spatiotemporal dynamics of neurotransmitter release is crucial for understanding the basis of brain function. The precise cognitive operations supported by the changes in cortical neuromodulatory activity have not been fully recognized, largely due to the limitations of current methods which have trade-offs between spatial, temporal,...

Dermatology and beauty product research and development and testing has been limited to animal testing, which in some countries has been banned. Because of increasing controversial issues surrounding animal testing of these dermatology or beauty products, there has been increasing interest in developing in-vivo like in-vitro models for skin research. ...

Radio Frequency (RF) coils transmit and receive RF signals in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Designing FR coils is a challenge because they often have to operate at multiple frequencies and it is difficult to enable them to resonate at multiple frequencies or switch their resonating frequencies. Positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diodes are commonly...

Intra-abdominal adhesions, also known as postoperative peritoneal adhesions (PPA) remain a challenging issue in the US healthcare system. It is estimated that over 90% of gastrointestinal (GI) surgical procedures result in PPA formation, regardless of the location or surgical technique used. PPAs can also develop in response to tissue damage caused...

EEG (Electroencephalogram) is a widely used tool for monitoring and recording electrical brain activity; aiding in the diagnosis and treatment of various neurological conditions such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, and brain injuries. While EEG technology has advanced significantly over the years, auxiliary equipment, such as EEG carts, have remained...

Blood loss and infections are a major cause of concern and death for traumatic injuries and wounds. It is estimated that blood loss accounts for more than 35% of all prehospital deaths in trauma patients. Thus, it is imperative that bleeding is stopped quickly and at the point of care. While there are many products to staunch bleeding, including gauze...

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s Disease (PD), affect many of the body’s functions such as balance and movement. They can also have a profound effect on communication abilities, with the majority of patients suffering from some form of vocal impairment, usually a difficulty in modulating vocal intensity. These speech difficulties...

The utilization of ultrasound imaging is common for material characterization and detection of flaws in small-scale biological tissues and soft materials because it provides quantitative and relevant information. However, this imaging modality relies on the probe coming into direct contact with the soft material in order to minimize excess attenuation...

A growing number of people experience hand weakness due to stroke or spinal cord injuries. Electrical stimulation (e-stim) devices are commonly used to assist in hand weakness therapy. However, they are bulky, expensive, uncomfortable (may be ill-fitting, cause skin irritation or unpleasant sensation), and non-portable, eliminating the potential for...

Cardiovascular disease is responsible for an estimated 17.9 million deaths each year, making it the leading cause of death worldwide. Continuous heart health monitoring way is the best preventative for heart failure. However, standard monitoring devices, including ECG and PPG, require direct physical contact, which can be difficult for certain patient...