­Background The ability to traverse the internet with complete anonymity provides online platforms for illegal activities such as credit card fraud, identity theft, and leaks of sensitive information. One of the most prevalent cyber environments that has emerged over the last decade and enabled criminality are dark web forums, since they include...

Gang violence in the United States accounts for 20 to 50 percent of homicides in many major cities each year. Law enforcement have existing data on many of these groups, such as the underlying social network structure. This information has previously proven useful in enabling smart policing tactics and improving law enforcement's understanding of...