Mobile augmented reality (MAR) is a portable implementation of augmented reality (AR) that enables real-time interaction between digital content and the actual, physical world. Recently, it has been implemented in mobile applications (i.e., mobile augmented reality applications or MAR-Apps) accessible through smartphones, tablets, etc. However, even...

­Through the lens of their cameras, mobile devices can visually observe a user’s environment for detecting faces, understanding spatial scene geometry, and capturing images and videos. This has yielded a wide range of benefits, especially as image sensors have grown to support increasingly higher resolutions and frame rates. With such precision,...