Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health threat, causing nearly 1.5 million deaths annually, making it the 13th leading cause of death. While TB is preventable and treatable, multidrug-resistant TB worsens the global health crisis, making diagnosis and treatment more complex. An even greater challenge is heteroresistance, where...

The rise of artificial intelligence is changing the shape of many different fields, and ophthalmic medicine is no exception. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable results in the assisted diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases. However, they face challenges such as limited labeling and small dataset sizes. In recent years, self-supervised...

Background Unmanned vehicles such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be used for performing surveillance, reconnaissance, and exploration tasks in a wide variety of environments for military and civilian applications. A UAV may be manually controlled by a remote user, or may operate in a semi-autonomous or fully autonomous manner. Such UAVs can...

Nanoarray-based assays offer advantages over standard microarray assays such as minimal sample consumption, high efficiency, and enhanced multiplexing capacity. However, despite their potential, they face challenges such as the complexity and high cost of spotting and fabrication, as well as a lack of effective detection schemes. This impedes many practical...

Epilepsy is a debilitating disorder that affects 50 million people worldwide, including one in 150 children. Some patients with epilepsy (including roughly 20-40% of children) suffer from refractory seizures despite treatment with anticonvulsants, i.e. pharmaco-resistant epilepsy (PRE), which results in increased morbidity and mortality. Early identification...

EEG (Electroencephalogram) is a widely used tool for monitoring and recording electrical brain activity; aiding in the diagnosis and treatment of various neurological conditions such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, and brain injuries. While EEG technology has advanced significantly over the years, auxiliary equipment, such as EEG carts, have remained...

Background The rise of autonomous machines navigating the changing outdoor environment requires not only the use of line-of-sight tracking, but also non-line of sight (NLOS) tracking. NLOS imaging techniques are divided into active and passive approaches. Active methods employ high-temporal-resolution light sources and time-resolved detectors which...

Background Image fusion is an image processing technique that has grown in prevalence in recent years. Image fusion can be used for many different applications including medical imaging, aerospace, remote sensing, military surveillance, and manufacturing flaw identification. Quantum image fusion is a more recent development that uses quantum computing...

Background Foreground and background segmentation is an important part of computer vision tasks including surveillance, remote sensing, and environmental monitoring. However, in long-range imaging for outdoor environments, substantial image distortions can occur due to atmospheric turbulence. These distortions limit the effectiveness of segmentation...

The utilization of ultrasound imaging is common for material characterization and detection of flaws in small-scale biological tissues and soft materials because it provides quantitative and relevant information. However, this imaging modality relies on the probe coming into direct contact with the soft material in order to minimize excess attenuation...