Laparoscopic surgery, also called minimally invasive surgery, has become popular for many reasons. These procedures require smaller incisions, which reduces the patient’s pain, requires less medication, and allows the patient to heal more quickly than procedures using traditional surgery. Hospital stays are shorter, allowing the patient to return...

Chemical sensors are useful in detecting many airborne chemicals for monitoring air quality, studying environmental health, and protecting people from harmful chemical exposures. Major efforts have been made to develop low cost and high performance chemical sensors. Electrochemical and metal oxide semiconductors are widely used airborne chemical sensors,...