The rise of artificial intelligence is changing the shape of many different fields, and ophthalmic medicine is no exception. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable results in the assisted diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases. However, they face challenges such as limited labeling and small dataset sizes. In recent years, self-supervised...

Transformers were originally designed for natural language processing but their application to other domains is rapidly gaining traction. In computer vision, convolution neural networks (CNNs) are the traditional choice of deep learning framework for image recognition tasks. Recently, Vision Transformers (ViTs) have been created a new benchmark by...

Convolution neural networks (CNNs) have made tremendous progress in various image processing fields like object recognition, segmentation, etc. This progress is primarily a result of supervised training on labeled data. The features learned by such a network are highly transferable and can be used for similar tasks. However, labeling a dataset is...

­Background Deep neural networks have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which pose major security risks in applications such as surveillance, autonomous driving, and access control. Typical attack strategies alter authentic data subtly so as to obtain adversarial samples that resemble the original while jeopardizing network integrity,...

Laparoscopic surgery, also called minimally invasive surgery, has become popular for many reasons. These procedures require smaller incisions, which reduces the patient’s pain, requires less medication, and allows the patient to heal more quickly than procedures using traditional surgery. Hospital stays are shorter, allowing the patient to return...

In today's age of social media, millions of pictures are uploaded daily to websites such as Flickr, Facebook, Google+, Instagram, etc. Given that higher quality images attract larger audiences, image enhancement options, such as brightness, contrast, and other basic photoshopping tools, have become an essential feature for most of these websites....