Protecting high performance integrated circuits (ICs) from ionizing radiation induced upset is a key issue in the design of microcircuits for applications such as spacecraft, high altitude aircraft, and around nuclear accidents or nuclear warfare. A radiation induced soft error occurs in a semiconductor device when a high-energy particle travels...

The fundamental building blocks of all computer electronics, integrated circuits (ICs) are the least expensive way to create the digital circuits needed for processing binary information. A soft error is when a binary switch within a digital circuit flips to its opposite state and causes an electronic device to malfunction. Modular redundancy is a method...