In the last decade, new solar photovoltaic (PV) cell technologies have emerged for grid-connected systems. However, automatic fault detection and accurate diagnostics for PV array systems are still challenging problems. Even with over-current protection devices (OCPD), ground fault detection interrupters (GFDI), and smart monitoring devices (SMDs) with...

Semiconductor lasers able to emit over the full visible color spectrum have a wide range of practical applications such as solid-state lighting, full-color displays, visible color communications, and multi-color fluorescence sensing. To the human eye, light with a mixture of four monochromatic lasers is visually equivalent to a white illuminant. Current...