Federated learning (FL) is envisaged to be a promising solution for collaboratively training a machine learning model while keeping the training data decentralized and private. For example, in FL, different participants might have different samples of data from different classes. Some participants might have no samples from some of the subclasses...

Background Existing cryptocurrencies solve the consensus problem to maintain a shared ledger of all transactions, but it has been shown in recent years that maintaining a shared ledger is not always strictly needed to support exchanging funds. In an asynchronous permissioned system where at most 1/3 of servers are subject to Byzantine failures, Byzantine...

Background Image matching involves a process by which similarities between images or portions of an image are identified. Similarities between different images may range from the case where the images are exact copies of one another, to the case where images share the same or similar content. Matching algorithms have applications in document image...

Content delivered through web browsers continues to be a prominent method of attack in personal computing systems. Executable scripts (such as JavaScript) and enabling cookies provide the user with a richer browsing experience and convenience of use. This includes everything from drop down menus and customizable display settings to pre-filled forms...