Background Effective human-robot interaction must be informed by human expectations and knowledge of the world, including how robots are expected to act/interact in various situations. However, knowledge about the robot may be inconsistent with the ground truth, which can result in the robot not meeting expectations, and the interaction integrity being...

The quality of IMPT treatment plans may be drastically diminished by uncertainties such as proton range and patient setup errors. If these uncertainties are not figured into treatment planning, the dose distribution that the patient receives may not be the same as the planned dose distribution. New treatment plans, which include optimized software/programming,...