Despite decades of research, cancer remains one of today’s most pressing health concerns. Traditional treatment approaches such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy can cause systemic toxicity and become ineffective when resistant tumors emerge. Recently, anticancer strategies have focused on drugs which specifically target tumor-related biological...

Despite decades of research effort, cancer remains one of today’s most pressing health concerns. Present day treatment methods tend to include debilitating side effects mainly due to low specificity of the treatments. Recently, some attempts have been made to augment tumor immunity by using bi-specific, hybrid antibodies that direct immune cells...

Cigarette smoking causes a variety of diseases with high morbidities and mortality; however, the addictive properties of nicotine make quitting difficult. Nicotine molecules enter the brain within seconds after use and activate reward pathways, leading to dependence. Despite extensive efforts toward cessation interventions, smoking remains a major public...

The quality of IMPT treatment plans may be drastically diminished by uncertainties such as proton range and patient setup errors. If these uncertainties are not figured into treatment planning, the dose distribution that the patient receives may not be the same as the planned dose distribution. New treatment plans, which include optimized software/programming,...