­Background Deep neural networks have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which pose major security risks in applications such as surveillance, autonomous driving, and access control. Typical attack strategies alter authentic data subtly so as to obtain adversarial samples that resemble the original while jeopardizing network integrity,...

The state of the art of two-color focal plane arrays (FPAs) are two or three terminal photo detector pixels integrated with electronic readout circuits (ROICs). However, a multicolor (> 2) photodetector pixel requires many more terminals, making it very difficult, if not impossible, to integrate multicolor pixel arrays to ROICs due to the increase...