Background Private transportation is currently the most common form of transportation in the United States. Cars are an essential commodity, with each household in America typically having at least one car. However, finding an open parking space can be a daunting task, especially with the surge in the number of city vehicles. Navigating through a...

In many production systems like semiconductor manufacturing, food industry, and battery production, the amount of time a part can spend in successive buffers is limited in many production systems because of possible quality concerns. If a part's residence time exceeds these limits, it must be trashed, which results in waste and lost output. To prevent...

Compartmentalization increases the overall activity and specificity of encapsulated enzymes by protecting the enzymes, maintaining a high concentration of enzymes and substrates, and promoting substrate channeling. While there have been artificial enzymatic particles that have been created using compartmentalization by virus-like proteins, liposomes,...