Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health threat, causing nearly 1.5 million deaths annually, making it the 13th leading cause of death. While TB is preventable and treatable, multidrug-resistant TB worsens the global health crisis, making diagnosis and treatment more complex. An even greater challenge is heteroresistance, where...

Nanoarray-based assays offer advantages over standard microarray assays such as minimal sample consumption, high efficiency, and enhanced multiplexing capacity. However, despite their potential, they face challenges such as the complexity and high cost of spotting and fabrication, as well as a lack of effective detection schemes. This impedes many practical...

Heart failure is a serious global burden affecting more than 64 million people worldwide. It has high morbidity and mortality and poor quality of life, making it a major public health priority. N-terminal proBNP (NT-pro-BNP) is a well-established clinical biomarker for monitoring and managing heart failure. Regular and frequent monitoring of patients...

Detection and quantification of low-abundance biomarkers is essential to early disease detection, monitoring and treatment. While many techniques, have been developed for measuring single molecules, all require signal amplification, via enzyme amplification, or fluorescence or gold nanoparticle probes, which come with their own unique drawbacks, including...

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a type of immunotherapy which uses altered T-cells to target cancer cells more effectively. As such, it has dramatically changed the treatment landscape for cancer patients. However, it has limitations including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurological events (NE), lack of response (which occurs...

Molecular interactions play an important role in cellular functions and biotechnology including cell signaling, enzymatic reactions, early disease diagnoses, and drug screening. Label-free techniques serve as important tools for studying these processes due to their ability to provide real-time information on binding kinetics without affecting the structure...

The ability to determine molecular binding is crucial in drug screening, biomarker detection, and understanding biological processes at the molecular level. Many methods for looking at binding kinetics, such as liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, western blot, etc., are time consuming, cause protein fragmentation/denaturation and do not allow...

The ability to determine molecular binding is crucial in drug screening, biomarker detection, and understanding biological processes at the molecular level. Many methods for looking at binding kinetics, such as liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, western blot, etc., are time consuming, cause protein fragmentation/denaturation and do not allow...

Temperature is a critical parameter for cellular activity regulations. Common temperature control techniques for cellular analyses utilize heating sources, which are often nonuniform over the target surface and time consuming. Plasmonic absorption of light, has been shown to be efficient in regulating localized heat rapidly and feasibly. It can be used...

Exosomes play an important role in many cellular processes including communication, immune response, signal transduction, antigen presentation and more. As such, exosome analysis is a promising tool for both biological and clinical research applications. However, exosome detection and biomarker quantification is challenging due to their small size and...