Modern AI for strategic games including chess has evolved from early rule-based systems such as brute force engines that relied on handcrafted heuristics and exhaustive search, to sophisticated learning-based methods that can create and refine their own strategies. Reinforcement learning (RL) programs including Alpha Zero mastered chess starting with...

Background Modern electrical grids tend to have higher penetration of intermittent energy sources. The grid infrastructure is also more susceptible to physical damage due to increased extreme weather events. Grid operators have to run multiple power flows for different scenarios in real time to continuously monitor the system states and make necessary...

Background Quality in manufacturing ensures the adherence of built products to the specifications set by the designer and their proper functioning when put into operation. An important factor influencing products’ quality is the contamination of process (or build) parameters used during the manufacturing process. The choice of these build conditions...

Background The civil aviation industry is losing air traffic control talents during a time when the need for maintaining daily operations is surging. This situation leads to increased operational costs, higher safety concerns, an elevated workload for air traffic controllers, and frequent flight delays. It is reported that 20% of the civil flights...

Background Text classification models have become increasingly prevalent in cybersecurity applications, but remain susceptible to adversarial examples (e.g., carefully crafted sentences with human-unrecognizable changes to the inputs, that are misclassified). Adversarial attacks provide profound insights into the classifiers’ vulnerabilities,...

Antibiotic resistance is a significant public health threat, in part due to the misuse and overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Most antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) techniques are slow and culture-based, taking days to produce results, which delays treatment and can put patients at risk. Dipstick-type tests and manual microscopy are faster,...

Background Many companies have made sustainability pledges like having net-zero greenhouse gas emissions and eliminating plastic waste. However, few tools are available to guide industry transition toward this future while remaining profitable. The complex multi-material structures of plastics and multilayer materials pose significant challenges for...

Background There have been growing concerns relating to public safety and law enforcement in urban environments, particularly in New York City. The interconnected nature of mass shootings, hate crimes, and criminal complains remains a matter of significant concern. This has prompted the need for a comprehensive and data-driven approach to understand...

Background Adversarial purification is a defense mechanism for safe-guarding classifiers against adversarial attacks without knowing the type of attacks or training of the classifier. These techniques analyze and eliminate adversarial perturbations from the attacked inputs, and help to restore purified samples that retain similarity to the attacked...

Background Deep neural networks (DNNs) are an important tool in enhancing deep learning capabilities, but they have substantial computational and memory requirements. Quantization is one of the important model compression approaches to address the mismatch between resource-hungry DNNs and resource-constrained devices, by converting the full-precision...