Background Protein X-ray crystallography has become one of the most successful structural biology techniques since the first three-dimensional structure of myoglobin, a protein, was revealed. Many important scientific discoveries have been made using X-ray crystallography, including understanding insulin’s mechanism of action, mass production...

­Background Microfluidic devices are commonly used in serial crystallography applications. In most serial crystallography experiments, the sample molecules are formed into droplets through electrical stimulation, then injected into a focused beam of electrons or X-rays so their structure can be analyzed. The various components of the experiment...

Background Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) with recent advances in X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) is a revolutionary technique for determining the structure of macromolecules at ambient temperature. It has enabled the study of large membrane protein complexes at atomic resolution and their reaction dynamics, previously considered impossible...

Background Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) with X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) has enabled crystal structure determination of reaction intermediates at ambient temperatures. Unlike traditional crystallography, where a single crystal is irradiated as it rotates, SFX usually involves the injection of a continuous stream of randomly oriented...