­Background Microfluidic devices are commonly used in serial crystallography applications. In most serial crystallography experiments, the sample molecules are formed into droplets through electrical stimulation, then injected into a focused beam of electrons or X-rays so their structure can be analyzed. The various components of the experiment...

X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFEL) are a valuable tool for determining the structure of biological macromolecules. Obtaining accurate results necessitates solvation of the sample in a specified chemical solution throughout the injection process. This solvation must not unduly compromise the vacuum environment or cleanliness of the XFEL scattering chamber....