When transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals, there is a need to match the frequencies and the phases of both a received signal and a locally generated signal. In terms of signal to noise ratio (SNR), the alignment of the phases gives the best results for retrieving any data that is modulated on the received signal. Better SNR yields higher...

5G wireless systems are designed to meet the increasing demand for high data rates but face challenges like signal obstruction, poor penetration, high propagation loss, and inadequate scattering. Active relays have emerged as a solution to these issues by re-routing signals to avoid obstructions, ensuring uninterrupted 5G service. However, in dense...

In the domain of accelerometer sensitivity measurement, the current standard relies heavily on the utilization of expensive industrial shakers. These shaker devices generate vibrations in a sinusoidal pattern, which, while effective, pose significant limitations. The oscillating motion they produce, moving between high and low points, introduces challenges...

Wireless underground sensing networks (WUSNs) aim to provide real-time remote sensing of soil properties and monitoring of underground activities. Most subterranean animals have already mastered the use of vibrations for underground communication, localization of prey, and detection of predators. Humans, on the other hand, have yet to develop communication...

There is great interest in camera-based wearables for monitoring human activity. These devices can be used to monitor activity anywhere and at any time. Much of human activity involves the use of hands and often in conjunction with objects. Certain everyday activities, e.g., taking medication or grabbing keys, can be quite complex. These activities...

­Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a distributed network consisting of multi-functional sensors, which can communicate with neighboring sensors over wireless channels. Estimating statistics of sensor measurements in WSNs is necessary for detecting anomalous sensors, supporting nodes with insufficient resources, determining network area estimation,...

Distributed wireless sensor networks are an essential part of modern Internet-of-Things (IoT) and sensor fusion systems. In such networks, all the distributed agents have to reach consensus on a value of interest. The spectral radius of the graph is the largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix, and is a useful characterization of the network graph....

Location detection systems employ wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to approximate the physical position of events within an area of interest. WSNs consist of sensor and anchor nodes that are spatially distributed over the area of interest, and are overseen by a fusion center (FC) that collects node information. In applications such as fire or motion...

As a result of inefficiency, radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers typically consume high levels of current. Consequently, there have been numerous attempts to use external circuitry in order to improve the efficiency of RF power amplifiers located on integrated circuits (ICs); however, these attempts have failed to provide the desired improvements...